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In mathematics, the antipodal point of a point on the surface of a sphere is the point which is diametrically opposite to it — so situated that a line drawn from the one to the other passes through the center of the sphere and forms a true diameter. This term applies to opposite points on a circle or any n-sphere. An antipodal point is sometimes called an antipode, a back-formation from the Greek loan word ''antipodes'', which originally meant "opposite the feet." == Theory == In mathematics, the concept of ''antipodal points'' is generalized to spheres of any dimension: two points on the sphere are antipodal if they are opposite ''through the centre''; for example, taking the centre as origin, they are points with related vectors v and −v. On a circle, such points are also called diametrically opposite. In other words, each line through the centre intersects the sphere in two points, one for each ray out from the centre, and these two points are antipodal. The Borsuk–Ulam theorem is a result from algebraic topology dealing with such pairs of points. It says that any continuous function from ''S''''n'' to R''n'' maps some pair of antipodal points in ''S''''n'' to the same point in R''n''. Here, ''S''''n'' denotes the ''n''-dimensional sphere in (''n'' + 1)-dimensional space (so the "ordinary" sphere is ''S''2 and a circle is ''S''1). The antipodal map ''A'' : ''S''''n'' → ''S''''n'', defined by ''A''(''x'') = −''x'', sends every point on the sphere to its antipodal point. It is homotopic to the identity map if ''n'' is odd, and its degree is (−1)''n''+1. If one wants to consider antipodal points as identified, one passes to projective space (see also projective Hilbert space, for this idea as applied in quantum mechanics). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「antipodal point」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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